Impact of infertility on a couple’s mental health in India

Infertility is a challenge faced by many couples worldwide, with up to 15% of reproductive-aged couples struggling to conceive. In India, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the frequency of primary infertility to be between 3.9% and 16.8%. Medically, infertility is diagnosed when a couple is unable to conceive after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. However, in India, infertility is not just a medical issue—it carries deep societal implications.

Discussions about infertility and mental health are often avoided due to cultural taboos. A lack of awareness further worsens the situation, leading to misconceptions and stigma. Many times, symptoms of mental distress are ignored, and those experiencing emotional difficulties are labeled unfairly by society.

For couples trying to conceive, the inability to do so can lead to emotional and psychological distress. Mental health is not just about the absence of illness; it includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The stress and disappointment of unsuccessful attempts to have a child can create tension in relationships, further complicating the situation. In fact, stress itself can negatively impact fertility, making the journey even more difficult.

Feelings of anxiety, depression, and isolation are common among couples facing infertility. The pressure from family, societal expectations, and personal disappointment adds to their emotional burden. In many cases, women bear the brunt of this pressure, often being unfairly blamed for infertility. However, research shows that infertility is equally a male and female issue—40% of cases are due to female factors, 40% due to male factors, and the remaining 20% result from issues affecting both partners.

Despite these facts, the stigma around infertility remains strong, especially for women, who are often made to feel guilt and shame for something beyond their control. This can lead to low self-esteem and a decline in mental well-being. Men, too, face societal pressures, with infertility sometimes being wrongly linked to masculinity. This fear can prevent them from seeking medical evaluation, further delaying possible solutions.

To cope with infertility, it is important to focus on emotional well-being. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation, such as spending time with loved ones, going for walks, practicing yoga, or engaging in hobbies, can help reduce stress. Creating a positive home environment, talking openly with a supportive partner, and finding comfort in close friends or family members can make a significant difference. Additionally, making small lifestyle changes like getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and practicing mindfulness can contribute to overall well-being.

Changing societal attitudes takes time, but progress is being made. Awareness about infertility and its impact on both men and women is growing, especially in urban areas. However, there is still a long way to go in dispelling myths and misinformation. By fostering open conversations and supporting those facing infertility, we can create a more compassionate and informed society. Together, we can ensure that couples receive the care, understanding, and emotional support they need on their path to parenthood.